Archaeological excavations indicate that the lower Tennessee Valley was heavily populated by Ice Age hunter-gatherers, and Middle Tennessee is believed to have been rich with game animals such as mastodons. [323] Coal production in Tennessee peaked in 1972, and today less than 0.1% of coal in the U.S. comes from Tennessee. Of the Protestants in the state, Evangelical Protestants compose 52% of the population, Mainline Protestants 13%, and Historically Black Protestants 8%. [16] The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is in eastern Tennessee. And climate change has made that a very big deal", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Analysis", "Minerals and Mining of the Copper Basin", "Mining the Copper Basin in Southeast Tennessee", The Brown Iron Ores of West-Middle Tennessee, "A Detailed Look At How Americans Travel Within The US", "Report: State, East TN counties travel, tourism industries saw record-breaking growth in 2019", 2019 Economic Impact of Travel on Tennessee, "Tourism in Tennessee Shattered Records with $23 Billion in Travel Spending and 126 Million Domestic Person Stays in 2019", "Five TN roads designated as National Scenic Byway or All-American Road", "Study: TVA lakes have nearly $12 billion economic impact to region", "4 Ways to Experience History at the Tennessee State Museum", "Memphis Unmatched for American Music History", "How Did Nashville Become the Hub of Country Music? Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [151][152] The Clinton Engineer Works was established as the production arm of the Manhattan Project in Oak Ridge, which enriched uranium at three major facilities for use in atomic bombs. Winters tend to be mild to cool, decreasing in temperature at higher elevations. [364] Until 2017, the TBR also operated six public universities in the state; it now only gives them administrative support. WebMap of the United States with Tennessee highlighted Country United States Before statehood Southwest Territory Admitted to the Union June 1, 1796; 226 years ago (June 1, 1796)(16th) Capital (and largest city) Nashville[2] Largest metroand urbanareas Nashville Government Governor Bill Lee(R) Lieutenant Governor Randy McNally(R) Legislature [145], When the Great Depression struck in 1929, much of Tennessee was severely impoverished even by national standards. [180][182] Uncertainties in the latter 19th century over the location of the state's border with Virginia culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court settling the matter in 1893, which resulted in the division of Bristol between the two states. [64] Efforts to obtain admission to the Union failed, and the counties, now numbering eight, rejoined North Carolina by 1788. [400] It has a chief justice and four associate justices. [220] All three of these basins are tributaries of the Ohio River watershed. [382][200] I-40's branch interstates include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-840 around Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Maryville; and I-640 in Knoxville. [138], Sgt. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. [300], The automotive industry is Tennessee's largest manufacturing sector and one of the nation's largest. [164], The 1982 World's Fair was held in Knoxville. [67] President George Washington appointed William Blount as territorial governor. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [86][87], As settlers pushed west of the Cumberland Plateau, a slavery-based agrarian economy took hold in these regions. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. ", "Department of Energy FY 2020 Congressional Budget Request", "Booming tech industry in Middle Tennessee", "Map of Deregulated Energy Markets (Updated 2018) Electric Choice", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2021, "It's the first new U.S. nuclear reactor in decades. [75][76] Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the 16th state and the first created from federal territory. [209], West of the Highland Rim is the Western Tennessee Valley, which consists of about 10 miles (16km) in width of hilly land along the banks of the Tennessee River. [65] North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory on May 26 of that year. In 2016, the element tennessine was named for the state, largely in recognition of the roles played by Oak Ridge, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee in its discovery. [319] Tennessee was also an early leader in hydroelectric power,[320] and today is the third-largest hydroelectric power-producing state east of the Rocky Mountains. [391], The Constitution of Tennessee was adopted in 1870. The planned community of Oak Ridge was built to provide accommodations for the facilities and workers; the site was chosen due to the abundance of TVA electric power, its low population density, and its inland geography and topography, which allowed for the natural separation of the facilities and a low vulnerability to attack. Constitution. [70] The 13-member territorial House of Representatives first convened in Knoxville on February 24, 1794, to select ten members for the legislature's upper house, the council. Tennessee has 33.9 days annually when the high temperature is [131] The majority of freed slaves were forced into sharecropping during the latter 19th century, and many others worked as agricultural wage laborers. 1 thing for teams, and Mississippi State had plenty. [13] A slave state until the American Civil War, Tennessee was politically divided, with its western and middle parts supporting the Confederacy and the eastern region harboring pro-Union sentiment. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. [269][270], Since colonization, Tennessee has always been predominantly Christian. For the river, see, "Tenn" redirects here. [379] These include the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers. It is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the southwest, and Missouri to the northwest. [379] Of the state's highways, 1,233 miles (1,984km) are part of the Interstate Highway System. Alvin C. York of Fentress County became one of the most famous and honored American soldiers of World War I. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions of East, Middle, and West Tennessee. The executive branch also includes several agencies, boards, and commissions, some of which are under the auspices of one of the cabinet-level departments. [331] The park anchors a large tourism industry based primarily in nearby Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, which includes Dollywood, the most visited ticketed attraction in Tennessee. [63], Three counties of the Washington District broke off from North Carolina in 1784 and formed the State of Franklin. [350], Many museums and historic sites recognize Tennessee's role in nurturing various forms of popular music, including Sun Studio, Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum, Stax Museum of American Soul Music, and Blues Hall of Fame in Memphis, the Ryman Auditorium, Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum, National Museum of African American Music, and Music Row in Nashville, the International Rock-A-Billy Museum in Jackson, the Mountain Music Museum in Kingsport, and the Birthplace of Country Music Museum in Bristol. After the war, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory became a key center of scientific research. The state's well-known contributions to Southern cuisine include Memphis-style barbecue, Nashville hot chicken, and Tennessee whiskey. [437][438] In 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction,[439] and the following year the Republicans gained control of both houses of the state legislature for the first time since Reconstruction. [188], Geological formations in Tennessee largely correspond with the state's topographic features, and, in general, decrease in age from east to west. [288] Intangible property tax is assessed on the shares of stockholders of any loan, investment, insurance, or for-profit cemetery companies. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. [b] Recent research suggests that the Cherokees adapted the name from the Yuchi word Tana-tsee-dgee, meaning "brother-waters-place" or "where-the-waters-meet". [312] The research and development industry in Tennessee is also one of the largest employment sectors, mainly due to the prominence of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Y-12 National Security Complex in the city of Oak Ridge. [146] As part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was created in 1933 to provide electricity, jobs, flood control, improved waterway navigation, agricultural development, and economic modernization to the Tennessee River Valley. ", "Yet again, Tennessee combined state, local sales tax rates nation's highest", "McMinnville, Tennessee: Nursery Capital of the World", Economic Impacts of Forestry and Forest Product Industries in Tennessee, "Who makes the most cars in North America? Nearly threefourths of the state is in the Central Time Zone, with most of East Tennessee on Eastern Time. [454] Tennessee has three minor league soccer teams. The average combined rate is about 9.5%, the nation's highest average sales tax. Senator from Tennessee, failed to carry his home state, an unusual occurrence but indicative of strengthening Republican support. [423], During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free blacks were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. This area consists of linear parallel ridges separated by valleys that trend northeast to southwest, the general direction of the entire Appalachian range. [392] Knoxville was the capital from statehood in 1796 until 1812,[392] except for September 21, 1807, when the legislature met in Kingston for a day. UT Martin and Tennessee Tech will remain in the OVC, while Peay will move to the ASUN. [162][163] TVA's construction of the Tellico Dam in Loudon County became the subject of national controversy in the 1970s when the endangered snail darter fish was reported to be affected by the project. [85] In 1838 and 1839, U.S. troops forcibly removed thousands of Cherokees and their black slaves from their homes in southeastern Tennessee and forced them to march to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma. I-269 runs from Millington to Collierville, serving as an outer bypass of Memphis. Its U.S. senators are Marsha Blackburn and Bill Hagerty, both Republicans. It earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" early in its history due to a strong tradition of military service. After the disenfranchisement of blacks, the Republican Party became a primarily white sectional party supported mostly in East Tennessee. [280] Unionization has historically been low and continues to decline, as in most of the U.S.[281], Tennessee has a reputation as a low-tax state and is usually ranked as one of the five states with the lowest tax burden on residents. [58] In 1779, James Robertson and John Donelson led two groups of settlers from the Washington District to the French Lick. WebTennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! State park rangers are responsible for all activities and law enforcement inside the Tennessee State Parks system. The highest recorded temperature was 113F (45C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930, while the lowest recorded temperature was 32F (36C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917. It is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to Nashville was officially named Tennessee's permanent capital in 1843. Hodges. [82][83] In 1818, Jackson and Kentucky governor Isaac Shelby reached an agreement with the Chickasaw to sell the land between the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers to the United States, which included all of West Tennessee and became known as the "Jackson Purchase". The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. [96], After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, secessionists in the state government led by Governor Isham Harris sought voter approval to sever ties with the United States, which was rejected in a referendum by a 5446% margin in February 1861. The geography of Tennessee is unique. The central part of the state is marked by cavernous bedrock and irregular rolling hills, and level, fertile plains define West Tennessee. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. The Chattanooga Mocs and Johnson City's East Tennessee State Buccaneers are full members, including football, of the Southern Conference. [50] They formed the Watauga Association in 1772, a semi-autonomous representative government,[51] and three years later reorganized themselves into the Washington District to support the cause of the American Revolutionary War. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. Culturally, most of the state is considered part of the Upland South, and the eastern third is part of Appalachia. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, and anchors its largest metropolitan area. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. [377][378], Tennessee has 96,167 miles (154,766km) of roads, of which 14,109 miles (22,706km) are maintained by the state. [455] Chattanooga Red Wolves SC has been a member of the third-tier USL League One since 2019. [409] Tennessee has more than 340 municipalities. [460] The Nashville Superspeedway in Lebanon, which previously held Nationwide and IndyCar races until it was shut down in 2011, reopened to host the NASCAR Cup Series in 2021. [271] The largest denominations by number of adherents are the Southern Baptist Convention, the United Methodist Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Churches of Christ. [141] In 1925, John T. Scopes, a high school teacher in Dayton, was tried and convicted for teaching evolution in violation of the state's recently passed Butler Act. [301] Nissan's assembly plant in Smyrna is the largest automotive assembly plant in North America. I-24 is an eastwest interstate that enters the state in Clarksville, passes through Nashville, and terminates in Chattanooga. 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